I had the same issue with an attiny25-20PU that had already a unknown program on. I copied the arduino command line for avrdude from arduinos upload output into a terminal, added at the end a -B and used different big numbers (32 48 64) and by good luck the 64 made the programming so slow that it worked - and from now on it worked without any -B option. I did this for 4 identical circuits with always the same repeatable procedure. It seems to be a trap for newbies.
"arduino" means Arduino 1.8.19 development platform.
My Linux Mint 21.3 command line:~$/home/xxx/.arduino15/packages/arduino/tools/avrdude/6.3.0-arduino18/bin/avrdude -C/home/xxx/Arduino/hardware/ATTinyCore-2.0.0/avr/avrdude.conf -v -pattiny25 -cusbasp -Uflash:w:/tmp/arduino_build_339885/usbaspattiny25.ino.hex:i -F -B 64
